ETHNONYMS: Orchipoins, Otchipiweons
Kin Groups and Descent. Traditionally, bilateral Personal kindreds were the basis for networks of cooperation and sharing.
Kinship Terminology. Kinship terminology has changed from Iroquois to the Eskimo type as a consequence of European contact and acculturation.
Birket-Smith, Kaj (1930). Contributions to Chipewyan Ethnology. Translated by W. E. Calvert. Report of the Fifth Thule Expedition, 1921-24. Vol. 6, Pt. 3. Copenhagen, Denmark.
Bone, Robert M., Earl N. Shannon, and Stewart Ruby (1973). The Chipewyan of the Stony Rapids Region: A Study of the Changing World with Special Attention Focused upon Caribou. University of Saskatchewan, Institute of Northern Studies, Maudsley Memoir no. 1. Saskatoon, Canada.
Oswalt, Wendell H. (1966). "Chipewyan: Hunters and Fishermen of the Subarctic." In This Land Was Theirs: A Study of the North American Indian, 17-63. New York: John Wiley.
Smith, James G. E. (1981). "Chipewyan." In Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 6, edited by June Helm, 271-284. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
VanStone, James W. (1965). The Changing Culture of the Snowdrift Chipewyan. National Museum of Canada Bulletin no. 209. Anthropological Series, no. 74. Ottawa.
GERALD F. REID