Bastide, Roger (1978). African Religions in Brazil. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Curtin, Philip (1969). The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Karasch, Mary (1987). Slave Society in Rio de Janeiro. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Klein, Herbert (1986). Slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean. New York: Oxford University Press.
North American Congress on Latin America (NACLA) (1992). "Report on the Black Americas, 1492-1992." Report on the Americas 25(4).
Price, Richard, ed. (1973). Maroon Societies. New York: Anchor Books.
Rout, Leslie B., Jr. (1976). The African Experience in Spanish America: 1502 to the Present Day. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Taussig, Michael T. (1980). The Devil and Commodity Fetishism in South America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Whitten, Norman E., Jr., and Arlene Torres (in press). Blackness in America and the Caribbean. New York: Carlson Publishing.
Wright, Winthrop R. (1990). Café con Leche: Race, Class, and National Image in Venezuela. Austin: University of Texas Press.