ETHNONYMS: none
Cooper, Frederick (1977). Plantation Slavery on the East Coast of Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Middleton, John (1992). The World of the Swahili: An African Mercantile Civilization. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Pouwels, Randall L. (1987). Horn and Crescent: Cultural Change and Traditional Islam on the East African Coast, 800-1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sheriff, A. M. H. (1987). Slaves, Spices, and Ivory in Zanzibar. Athens: Ohio University Press.
JOHN MIDDLETON
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